Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Size Dependence of Magnetization of Metal and Metal Oxides Nanoparticles

Sneh Lata Yadav

Abstract


Variation of magnetization of metal and metal oxides nanoparticle is a matter of great debate from last decade. Researchers are still striving for the exact theory to explain this property of materials at the Nano level. In the present work we have analyzed the magnetic properties of Fe3O4, CoFe2O4 and Ni nanoparticles and studied the variation of their magnetization with their sizes. We have also computed the variation of the magnetization of nanowire and Nano films of the samples. The obtained results are explained using the energy bond model and its extension for the magnetic behavior of nanomaterials using molecular field theory. In our results it is observed that the magnetization of nanomaterials decreases with decrease in their sizes. The variation in the magnetization of nanoparticles with their size are explained on the basis of random orientation of spin of atoms constituting the nanoparticles. Proposed theoretical analysis is in good agreement with available experimental results. Thus the proposed model can be used to predict the behavior of magnetization of other nanoparticles for which the experimental data is not available.


Keywords


Magnetization, Molecular Field Theory, Surface Spin Disorder, Superparamagnetism, Debye Temperature, Curie Temperature

Full Text:

PDF

References


U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (): "Module 3: Characteristics of Particles Particle Size Categories". From the EPA Website.

^Jump up to:a b Vert, M.; Doi, Y.; Hellwich, K. H.; Hess, M.; Hodge, P.; Kubisa, P.; Rinaudo, M.; Schué, F. O. (2012). "Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 84 (2): 377 410. doi:10.1351/PAC-REC-10-12-04.

Frey, N.A.; Peng, S.; Cheng, K.; Sun, S. Magnetic nanoparticles: Synthesis, functionalization and applications in bioimaging and magnetic energy storage. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38,2532–2542.

Singamaneni, S.; Bliznyuk, V.N.; Binek, C.; Tsymbal, E.Y. Magnetic nanoparticles: Recent advances in synthesis, self-assembly and applications. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 16819–16845.

Gignoux, D. Phenomenology of Magnetism at the Macroscopic Scale; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2005.

Jeong, U.; Teng, X.; Wang, Y.; Yang, H.; Xia, Y. Superparamagnetic colloids: Controlled synthesis and niche applications. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 33–60.

Arati G. Kolhatkar, Andrew C. Jamison, Dmitri Litvinov, Richard C. Willson and T. Randall Lee. Tuning the Magnetic Properties of Nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 15977-16009; doi:10.3390/ijms140815977

Guardia, P.; Batlle-Brugal, B.; Roca, A.; Iglesias, O.; Morales, M.; Serna, C.J.; Labarta, A.;Batlle, X. Surfactant effects in monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles of controlled size. J. Magn.Magn. Mater. 2007, 316, e756–e758.

L H Liang and L Baowen Phys. Rev. B 73 153303 (2006)

Q Jiang and X Y Lang Open Nanosci. J. 1 32 (2007) (also see for old references)

H. Chhabra and M. Kumar. Development of size and shapes dependence model for magnetic properties from bulk to nanoscale. Indian J. Phys. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-020-01709-3

W H Qi and M P Wang Mater. Chem. Phys. 88 280 (2004)

W H Qi Physica B 368 46 (2005)

W H Qi Acc. Chem. Res. 49 1587 (2016)

S Bhatt and M Kumar J. Phys. Chem. Solids 106 112 (2017)

X Y Lang, W T Zheng, Q Jiang Phys. Rev. B 73 224444 (2006)

A Milner, A Gerber, B Groisman, M Karpovsky and A Gladkikh J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 475 (1996)

F G Shi J. Mater. Res. 9 1307 (1994)

Q Jiang, H X Shi and M Zhao J. Chem. Phys. 111 2176 (1999)

Nagesha, D.K.; Plouffe, B.D.; Phan, M.; Lewis, L.H.; Sridhar, S.; Murthy, S. Functionalization-induced improvement in magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J. Appl. Phys. 2009, 105, 07B317:1–07B317:3.

Caruntu, D.; Caruntu, G.; O’Connor, C.J.J. Magnetic properties of variable-sized Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized from non-aqueous homogeneous solutions of polyols. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2007, 40, 5801–5809.

Pereira, C.; Pereira, A.M.; Fernandes, C.; Rocha, M.; Mendes, R.; Fernandez-Garcia, M.; Guedes, A.; Tavares, P.B.; Greneche, J.-M.; Araujo, J.P.; Freire, C. Superparamagnetic MFe2O4(M = Fe, Co, Mn) nanoparticles: Tuning the particles size and magnetic properties through a novel one-step coprecipitation route. Chem. Mater. 2012, 24, 1496–1504.

He, X.; Shi, H. Size and shape effects on magnetic nanoparticles. Particuology 2012, 10, 497–502.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.