Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology
https://techjournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoBT
<p><strong>Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology (RRJoBT):</strong><span> is a print and online Journal focused towards the publication of current research work carried out in the area of Biotechnology. The Journal intends to publish articles of Multidisciplinary nature and developments in different disciplines of Bioscience and Biotechnology.</span></p><p><strong>DOI (Journal): 10.37591/RRJoBT</strong></p><p><strong>eISSN: <span>2231-3826</span></strong></p><p><strong>ISSN: <span>2347-7245</span></strong></p><div><strong>Indexed in: </strong>DRJI, Citefactor, Journal TOC, Google Scholar,ICV</div><div> </div><div><strong>SJIF </strong><strong>6.185</strong></div><div><strong><br /></strong></div><div><strong>ICV 44.02</strong></div><div> </div><div><p><strong>Focus and Scope Covers<a href="http://forms.gle/tERETZpvWRNdry7b8"><img class="style6" src="http://www.stmjournals.com/images/CELS_SP.png" alt="" align="right" /></a></strong></p><ul><li>Industrial Biotechnology</li><li>Animal Biotechnology</li><li>Plant Biotechnology</li><li>Medical Biotechnology</li><li>Microbial Biotechnology</li><li>Crop Biotechnology</li><li>Gene Therapy and Cloning</li><li>Bioprocess Engineering</li><li>Biomedical Engineering</li><li>Biopharmaceutical Engineering</li><li>Genetic Engineering</li><li>Tissue Engineering</li><li>Bioinformatics</li><li>Bio-mechatronics</li><li>Genomics and Proteomics</li><li>Genetic Testing</li><li>Metabolic Engineering</li><li>New tools and Products useful in Research, Agriculture and Industry</li><li>Emerging techniques related to Biotechnology</li></ul><p>All contributions to the journal are rigorously refereed and are selected on the basis of quality and originality of the work. The journal publishes the most significant new research papers or any other original contribution in the form of reviews and reports on new concepts in all areas pertaining to its scope and research being done in the world, thus ensuring its scientific priority and significance.</p><p><a title="Editorial Board" href="/index.php/RRJoBT/about/editorialTeam">Editorial Board</a></p></div>en-USResearch & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology2347-7245Biochemical mechanism for generating photosynthesis and rapid reproduction of Chlorella cells, using solar energy
https://techjournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoBT/article/view/1484
<p> The main source of oxygen release and utilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide, using solar energy by phytoplankton cells of the world ocean, is the photosynthetic nanostructure of phytoplankton cells— chlorophyll. During the process of photosynthesis, the Chlorella cell not only releases oxygen and utilizes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, using solar energy by the Chlorella cells of the world's oceans, but also produces glucose inside the cell, which, in the process of breakdown (glycolysis), releases energy that causes the rapid reproduction of Chlorella cells in the sea or river water. The present article revealed the biochemical nature of the generation of photosynthesis of Chlorella cell high-quality concentrate and glucose inside them in sea or river water, using solar energy, which made it possible to enrich the atmosphere with oxygen, utilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from Chlorella cells in the world ocean. Also, these cells intensively multiplies in sea or river water using the energy released in the process of glycolysis of the glucose, generated inside the Chlorella cells. A high-quality concentrate of Chlorella cells is used to enrich the atmosphere with oxygen, utilize atmospheric carbon dioxide, by photosynthesis of these cells in sea or river water, using solar energy. It is obtained by a developed method in a specially designed concentrator-electroflotator, powered by a solar panel cell. High-quality, quickly multiplying Chlorella cells are concentrated in the process of passing a direct electric current through stagnant “green” water of lake fresh water, electrolysis of waste “green” water between the electrodes of the concentrator-electroflotator and electroflotation of the resulting complexes of the Chlorella cell + microdispersed electrolytic hydrogen bubbles.</p>Michael Shoikhedbrod
Copyright (c) 2023 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology
2023-12-222023-12-221331810.37591/(rrjobt).v13i3.1484Comparative Analysis of Protein and Prediction of Amino Acids in Different Extracts of Local Spinach Leaves
https://techjournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoBT/article/view/1476
<p>In this study, spinach leaves from the local source have been selected for its comparative analysis of protein concentrations using UV-Visible spectrophotometer in three different solvents viz. double distilled water (ddH2O), ethanol (C2H5OH), and methanol (CH3OH). Different amino acids in different solvents have also been predicted based on the peaks obtained at different wavelengths in UV-region and compared. For the solvent-extraction of spinach, the final spinach: solvent ratio was 1:20 (w/v). Before the insertion of the sample in PC-based double beam spectrophotometer 2206 (Systronics; Bandwidth 1 nm), a solution has been filtered off and the filtrate solution was subjected to the 5 minutes of centrifugation at >4000 rpm value in a centrifugation machine (REMI R-8C) in order to eliminate the possibility of the presence of any interfering particles. Finally, extracted and filtered samples were studied with spectra received as well as absorbance obtained at 280 nm using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Protein concentration (mg/mL) in spinach dried leaves as determined by the study at 280 nm were 7.430 mg/mL, 6.15 mg/mL, and 4.055 mg/mL in ddH2O, C2H5OH, and CH3OH, respectively while the percentage concentrations were calculated as 0.1486%, 0.1230%, and 0.0811% in ddH2O, C2H5OH, and CH3OH, respectively. Spectral studies for all three solvents showed fairly considerable absorption peaks in the range of 200-400 nm. As per the peak’s studies obtained for the spinach in water, amino acids like tyrosine, tryptophan, and histidine were predicted while for the spinach in ethanol, amino acids like phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, and cysteine were predicted and for the spinach in methanol, amino acids like tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine, and phenylalanine were predicted. In this study, the highest protein concentration was found for the water as solvent followed by the ethanol and methanol while methanolic and ethanolic extract showed the maximum amino acids composition.</p>Sunita KumariPankaj Kumar ChaurasiaShashi Lata BharatiSunita Singh
Copyright (c) 2023 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology
2023-12-272023-12-27133152010.37591/(rrjobt).v13i3.1476BIOCHEMICAL AND KINETICS STUDIES ON PROTEASE ENZYME ISOLATED FROM AYURVEDIC HERBS ALONG WITH THEIR APPLICATION STUDIES
https://techjournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoBT/article/view/1477
<p> <em>The objective of the present work was to conduct comprehensive biochemical and kinetic analysis of a protease enzyme extracted from two Ayurvedic herbs, namely Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus prostratus) and Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra). The primary focus was to characterize various biochemical aspects of the enzyme, encompassing substrate specificity, optimal pH and temperature conditions, stability, and activation energy. Furthermore, crucial kinetic parameters such as Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) were determined, aiming to gain insights into the catalytic efficiency and performance of the enzyme. The protease enzyme was successfully isolated and purified from Shankhpushpi and Mulethi herbs, followed by biochemical analysis. The present study provided essential insights into the biochemical nature and kinetics of this protease enzyme derived from Ayurvedic herbs. Understanding these properties is fundamental for potential applications in industries related to protein degradation, enzymatic therapy, and dietary supplements. Further research in this area could explore and harness the full potential of these Ayurvedic herbs and their enzymes for broader biotechnological and biomedical applications. On the commercial basis, 60% of protease enzymes are there in the markets and it is also involved in major industries such as pharmaceutical and medical, food, textile, detergent, and leather. The protease enzymes from plant sources needs to be focus on the biochemical activity and kinetic characteristics such as time course, enzyme concentration, temperature optima, pH optima, temperature stability and pH stability, substrate concentration, activation energy, and temperature coefficient. The present work mainly focused on analyzing the biochemical activity of proteolytic enzymes of two Ayurvedic herbs.</em></p>MANSI AGRAWAL
Copyright (c) 2023 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology
2023-12-282023-12-28133213710.37591/(rrjobt).v13i3.1477Studies on Phytochemical analysis of Citrus sinensis
https://techjournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoBT/article/view/1475
<p><em>Citrus sinensis, also known as sweet orange, is an extensively grown fruit with extensive nutritional and medicinal significance. The present study focussed on the phytochemical analysis of C. sinensis, aiming to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds present in its various plant parts. The investigation encompassed the extraction, isolation, and characterization of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and essential oils. The research employed a combination of classical and modern analytical techniques such as chromatography, spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance to elucidate the chemical composition of C. sinensis. The obtained results contributed valuable insights into the qualitative and quantitative variations of phytochemicals across different plant tissues, developmental stages, and environmental conditions. Furthermore, the potential pharmacological activities of the identified compounds were explored, shedding light on the therapeutic properties of C. sinensis. These bioactive constituents have been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, among others. The findings from the present study not only enhanced our understanding of the chemical diversity within C. sinensis but also underscored its pharmacological relevance for the evolution of therapy against various disorders. In conclusion, the comprehensive phytochemical analysis of C. sinensis presented in this study has its unique medicinal applications and opens avenues for harnessing its bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical purposes. The integration of traditional knowledge with modern analytical tools contributes to the sustainable utilization of this valuable plant resource for human health and well-being.</em></p>Akshaya PrakashRaxit TyagiChinta Koteswara RaoSandeep sirohiSurya Prakash D.V
Copyright (c) 2023 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology
2023-12-202023-12-2013391410.37591/(rrjobt).v13i3.1475A review on Plastisphere
https://techjournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoBT/article/view/1481
<p><em>Plastic waste contamination has emerged as a growing ecological issue of great significance. Plastic has been found in various environments, including within the human body, creating a growing threat to both ecosystems and people. In the ocean, plastic debris undergoes gradual fragmentation into tiny particles known as microplastics due to the disruption of physical and chemical processes. These microplastics serve as a habitat for diverse microbial communities, such as fungi, diatoms, and bacteria, which form biofilms called plastisphere on the surface of the plastic. In the present review, we summarized the studies related to its formation and things classified in plastisphere. There is also a major distribution found in the plastisphere world. The crucial part to biodegrade the plastics in marine environment is also discussed. The composition of the microorganism community in the plastisphere can be greatly influenced by the depth at which microplastics are found in the ocean and the nutrients present in the surrounding saltwater. There is a rising curiosity surrounding the contribution of bacteria and other microorganisms in breaking down environmentally harmful plastics. The aim is to harness their potential and find effective ways to address the issue of plastic pollution. This includes exploring the possibility of using their abilities to develop improved enzymes for more efficient recycling facilities, landfills, and tackling plastic waste in the oceans. The plastisphere attracts higher creatures such as algae and tiny invertebrates, establishing a complex and dynamic ecosystem on floating plastic particles.</em></p>Babita Bikash Nandi
Copyright (c) 2023 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology
2023-12-302023-12-30133384910.37591/(rrjobt).v13i3.1481