Utilize Iodine to Disinfect Water and use the Minimum Effective Dosage

Authors

  • Nisha Pandey Student of B.Tech (Biotechnology) Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management, Varanasi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37591/jowppr.v9i2.1317

Abstract

For persons who vacation, travel, or work in places wherein municipal water treatment is unreliable, iodine is an efficient, cost-effective, and effective method of water disinfection. When more iodine is consumed than is advised for dietary consumption each day, there is substantial debate on the safe limit iodine dose and how long it can be used. The primary thyroid condition associated with excessive iodine intake is hypothyroidism, which can occur with or without a nutrient goitre. The maximum suggested dietary intake (2 mg/day) and the maximum recommended usage period (3 weeks), according to a study of human trials on the safety of iodine consumption, are not supported by any reliable data. Iodine consumption and thyroid function don't seem to be related in a way that is clearly defined by a threshold response level or a straight and temporal dosages connection; instead, there appears to be a noticeable individual sensitivity, frequently as a result of the uncovering of underlying thyroid illness. Iodine's effectiveness as a disinfectant and the physiologic changes it causes in the thyroid must be considered when deciding whether to use it to disinfect water. Most individuals can use iodine for water purification for an extended length of time by employing proper disinfection procedures and monitoring thyroid function

References

Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Hannon WH, Flanders DW, Gunter EW, Maberly GF, Braverman LE, Pino S, Miller DT, Garbe PL, et al. Iodine nutrition in the United States. Trends and public health implications: iodine excretion data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and III (1971-1974 and 1988-1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Oct;83(10):3401–3408.

NAGATAKI S, INGBAR SH. RELATION BETWEEN QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ALTERATIONS IN THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS INDUCED BY VARYING DOSES OF IODIDE. Endocrinology. 1964 May;74:731–736.

Nagataki S, Shizume K, Nakao K. Thyroid function in chronic excess iodide ingestion: comparison of thyroidal absolute iodine uptake and degradation of thyroxine in euthyroid Japanese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1967 May;27(5):638–647.

Stanbury JB, Ermans AE, Bourdoux P, Todd C, Oken E, Tonglet R, Vidor G, Braverman LE, Medeiros-Neto G. Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: occurrence and epidemiology. Thyroid. 1998 Jan;8(1):83–100.

Boyages SC, Bloot AM, Maberly GF, Eastman CJ, Li M, Qian QD, Liu DR, van der Gaag RD, Drexhage HA. Thyroid autoimmunity in endemic goitre caused by excessive iodine intake. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1989 Oct;31(4):453–465.

Liel Y, Alkan M. 'Travelers' thyrotoxicosis'. Transitory thyrotoxicosis induced by iodinated preparations for water purification. Arch Intern Med. 1996 Apr 8;156(7):807–810.

Tajiri J, Higashi K, Morita M, Umeda T, Sato T. Studies of hypothyroidism in patients with high iodine intake. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 Aug;63(2):412–417

Martino E, Safran M, Aghini-Lombardi F, Rajatanavin R, Lenziardi M, Fay M, Pacchiarotti A, Aronin N, Macchia E, Haffajee C, et al. Environmental iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction during chronic amiodarone therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Jul;101(1):28–34.

Georgitis WJ, McDermott MT, Kidd GS. An iodine load from water-purification tablets alters thyroid function in humans. Mil Med. 1993 Dec;158(12):794–797.

Paul T, Meyers B, Witorsch RJ, Pino S, Chipkin S, Ingbar SH, Braverman LE. The effect of small increases in dietary iodine on thyroid function in euthyroid subjects. Metabolism. 1988 Feb;37(2):121–124.

Downloads

Published

2023-05-16

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022)

Section

Articles

License

Declaration and Copyright Transfer Form

(to be completed by authors)

I/ We, the undersigned author(s) of the submitted manuscript, hereby declare, that the above manuscript which is submitted for publication in the STM Journals(s), is not published already in part or whole (except in the form of abstract) in any journal or magazine for private or public circulation, and, is not under consideration of publication elsewhere.

  • I/We will not withdraw the manuscript after 1 week of submission as I have read the Author Guidelines and will adhere to the guidelines.
  • I/We Author(s ) have niether given nor will give this manuscript elsewhere for publishing after submitting in STM Journal(s).
  • I/ We have read the original version of the manuscript and am/ are responsible for the thought contents embodied in it. The work dealt in the manuscript is my/ our own, and my/ our individual contribution to this work is significant enough to qualify for authorship.
  •  I/We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following order:

Author’s name                                    

 

1. ________________

2. ________________

3. ________________

4. ________________

 

We  Author(s) tick this box and would request you to consider it as our signature as we agree to the terms of this Copyright Notice, which will apply to this submission if and when it is published by this journal.