Physio-Chemical Analysis of River Ganga at Different Ghats of Varanasi

Abstract

Physical and chemical analysis of the holy Ganga in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, throughout the rainy and winter seasons of the present year. Ghats were among the seven places where water samples were taken. During my study, specific metrics for water quality measurement were identified, such as the pH of the Ganga, its temperature, turbidity, colour, total suspended solids, TDS, COD and BOD, DO and Hardness, at specific intervals of time from the rainy to the winter seasons. Autoclave, BOD incubator, Thermometer, pH metre, and other instruments were employed in the project. The pH of river water ranges from 7.0 to 7.8, temperature from 11.0 to 32◦c., turbidity from 8.5 to 14.0 NTU, total suspended solids from 41.0 to 68.0 mg/L, total dissolve solids from 217 to 284 mg/L, dissolved oxygen from 4.0 to 8.0 mg/L, COD from 4.0 to 8.0 mg/L, BOD from 3.0 to 6.0 mg/L, and hardness from 245 to 280 Regular Ganga river water quality monitoring is required to keep an eye on surface water quality for the sake of human life and to preserve a balanced aesthetical value of religious sites. Water was found to be strongly contaminated with a variety of dissolved elements like Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb, with quantities exceeding the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS 1991) recommended safe limits for drinking water.