Physio-Chemical Analysis of River Ganga at Different Ghats of Varanasi
Abstract
Physical and chemical analysis of the holy Ganga in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, throughout the rainy and winter seasons of the present year. Ghats were among the seven places where water samples were taken. During my study, specific metrics for water quality measurement were identified, such as the pH of the Ganga, its temperature, turbidity, colour, total suspended solids, TDS, COD and BOD, DO and Hardness, at specific intervals of time from the rainy to the winter seasons. Autoclave, BOD incubator, Thermometer, pH metre, and other instruments were employed in the project. The pH of river water ranges from 7.0 to 7.8, temperature from 11.0 to 32◦c., turbidity from 8.5 to 14.0 NTU, total suspended solids from 41.0 to 68.0 mg/L, total dissolve solids from 217 to 284 mg/L, dissolved oxygen from 4.0 to 8.0 mg/L, COD from 4.0 to 8.0 mg/L, BOD from 3.0 to 6.0 mg/L, and hardness from 245 to 280 Regular Ganga river water quality monitoring is required to keep an eye on surface water quality for the sake of human life and to preserve a balanced aesthetical value of religious sites. Water was found to be strongly contaminated with a variety of dissolved elements like Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb, with quantities exceeding the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS 1991) recommended safe limits for drinking water.
References
Vijay Kumar, Satya Kumar Maurya, SayadHasi Hasan and Anurag Ohri. GIS based study of physicochemical properties of River Ganga water during post monsoon season for Varanasi City, UP, India. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, E- ISSN: 2319-1414, Vol. 5(10), 6-12, October (2016).
Y. V. Singh, P.K. Sharma. R. Meena, M. Kumar and S.K. Verma. Physicochemical analysis of River Ganga at Varanasi city in Uttar Pardesh. Indian Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, ISSN 2395-1109, e-ISSN 2455-9709, Vol.2(3), 2016.
Tiwari A., Dwivedi Ac and MayankP.Timescalec changes in the water quality of the Ganga River, India and estimation of suitability for exotic and hardy fishes. Hydrology Current Research, 2016, 7:3, ISSN: 2157-7587, DOI: 10.4172/2157-7587.1000254, Vol.7, Issue 3.
Anil Kumar & Rajiv Banergee “study and evaluation of water quality of river Gomati in Lucknow city” Uttar Pradesh India. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research; vol.4 (2). 842-845. (2015).
Agarwal. A, Saxena. M. “Assessment of pollution by physicochemical water parameters using Regression Analysis”: A case study of Ganga River at Moradabad- India.Advances in Applied Science research; 2(2). 185-189. (2011).
Arya. S, Gupta. R. “Water quality evaluation of Ganga River from up to downstream area at Kanpur”. Journal of Chemical Science; vol.3 (2). 54-63. 2013. (2011).
Beg. R.K., Ali. S. “Chemical contaminants and Toxicity of Ganga river sediment from up and downstream area at Kanpur”. American Journal of Environmental Sciences; 4(4). 362- 368. (2008).
Borol.E. Das. S. “Estimating the value of improved wastewater treatment: The case of river Ganga, India”. Journal of Environmental management; 2 2171. (2010).
Chandra. R.Gupta.M. Pandey. “Monitoring of River Ramganga Physicochemical Characterstic at Bareilly”. Recent Science in Science and Technology 3(6), 16-18. (2010).
Gangwar. R.k., Khare.P, Singh. J. “Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties of water River Ramganga at Bareilly- U.P”. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research; 4231-4234. (2012).
Jain. S.K. “Hydrology and water resources of India. Water Science and Technology”. Library, Springer; Vol 57. Pp- 333- 469. (2007).
Joshi. D.M., Kumar.A. Agarwal.N.. “Studies on Physicochemica Parameters to assess the water quality of river Ganga for Drinking purpose Haridwar District”. RasayanJ.Chem. Vol. (2), No. 1. 195-203. (2009).
Kharel. R., Kamboj. M., Pandey. J. “Physicochemical Parameters of water of river Ganga at Kanpur”. Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research: Vol (1). Issue 2. (2011).
Pandey. J., Shubhashish. K., Pandey. R. “Concentration of Heavy metals concentration at Varanasi in relation to atmospheric deposition”. Tropical Ecology, 51. 365-373. (2010).
Sarkar. S.K., Saha. M., Takada. H., Bhattacharya. A., Mishra. P. “Water quality management in the lower stretch of river Ganges”. Eastcoast of India.Journal of Cleaner Production; 1559-1567. (2007).
Sati. A., Sood. A., Bhist S., Kumar. V. “Bacterial indicators of fecal pollution and physicochemical assessment of tributaries of Ganges River Garhwal Himalayas, India”. RMZ-Materials and Geoenvironment, Vol 58.No.2. Pp.129-142. (2011).
Shrivastava. A, Kumar. R., Gupta. V., Agarwal. G., Srivastava.S. Singh. I. “Physicochemical Parameters of water of river Ramganga at Mooradabad”. VRSD Technical and Non-Technical Journal; Vol.2 (3). 119-127. (2011).
Singh. N. “Physicochemical properties of polluted water of river Ganga at Varanasi”.
a. International Journal of Energy and Environment; Vol 1. Issue 5. pp 823-832. (2010).
Sinha. A.K, Singh. V.P, Shrivastava. K. 2000. “Physicochemical Studies on river Ganga and its tributaries in Uttar Pradesh-The present status. In pollution and Bio monitoring of Indian Rivers”. ABD Publishers 1-29. (2000).
Thareja. S, Chaudhary.S, Trivedi. P. “Assessment of water quality of Ganga River in Kanpur by using PCA analysis”. Advances in applied Science Research; 2(5). 84-91. (2011).
Trivedi. P., Bajpai.A, Thareja. S. “Evaluation of water quality Physicochemicalcharacterstics of Ganga River at Kanpur by using Correlation study”. Nature and Science; 1-6. (2009).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Declaration and Copyright Transfer Form
(to be completed by authors)
I/ We, the undersigned author(s) of the submitted manuscript, hereby declare, that the above manuscript which is submitted for publication in the STM Journals(s), is not published already in part or whole (except in the form of abstract) in any journal or magazine for private or public circulation, and, is not under consideration of publication elsewhere.
- I/We will not withdraw the manuscript after 1 week of submission as I have read the Author Guidelines and will adhere to the guidelines.
- I/We Author(s ) have niether given nor will give this manuscript elsewhere for publishing after submitting in STM Journal(s).
- I/ We have read the original version of the manuscript and am/ are responsible for the thought contents embodied in it. The work dealt in the manuscript is my/ our own, and my/ our individual contribution to this work is significant enough to qualify for authorship.
- I/We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following order:
Author’s name
1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
| We Author(s) tick this box and would request you to consider it as our signature as we agree to the terms of this Copyright Notice, which will apply to this submission if and when it is published by this journal. |
